Basic Logical Reasoning

11 questions available

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All Logical Statements 11 Conclusions Assumptions Arguments Inference 14 Cause & Effect
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Q1.Jason owns 35 spatulas. Some are purple, some are turquoise and several are black. One seventh are orange. Are 5 spatulas definitely orange?

Medium
A No
B Yes
C
D
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: B

One-seventh of 35 = 35 * (1/7) = 5. So yes, exactly 5 spatulas are orange.

Q2.All daffodils are plants. All plants are living things. Some living things are real. Conclusions: I. All daffodils are living things. II. Some living things are flowers. III. All daffodils are real. Which conclusions follow?

Medium
A Only I
B Only I and II
C Only II and III
D All follow
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: A

Conclusion I is true because daffodils are plants, and all plants are living things. Conclusion II is invalid because the premises do not mention flowers. Conclusion III is invalid because we only know some living things are real, which does not guarantee daffodils are real.

Q3.Social security law is an evolving law that tries as far as possible to reflect reality, to adjust to changes in and the needs of society. Which of the following statements best summarizes this?

Medium
A Legislation lags behind reality.
B Social security law gradually adapts itself to societal demands.
C A good social security system ought to reflect every change in social values.
D Changes in social conditions and needs imply the necessity for changes in social security legislation.
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: B

The core premise 'evolving law adjusting to changes and societal needs' is best summarized by: 'Social security law gradually adapts itself to societal demands.'

Q4.A stenographer receives instructions from two supervisors. One demands meetings on even days, the other on odd days. If the stenographer schedules on even days and both are satisfied, what can be inferred?

Medium
A The stenographer violated a rule
B Both supervisors work on alternate days
C One supervisor changed the instruction
D None of these
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: C

Since there is no conflict despite opposing rules, one of the supervisors must have adjusted or changed their instructions.

Q5.If the statement 'All efficient typists are good organizers' is true, which of the following conclusions logically follows?

Medium
A All typists are efficient workers
B All good organizers are efficient typists
C Some efficient typists are good organizers
D None of these
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: C

If the entire set of efficient typists are good organizers, then it logically follows that some efficient typists are good organizers.

Q6.If 'Zips, zops, Zaps & zips', select the best logical line?

Medium
A All zips are zaps
B All zaps are zops
C Zaps and zops
D All of these
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: A

Under standard syllogistic and logical structure, 'All zips are zaps' represents a clear, valid categorical proposition.

Q7.If 'All cars need fuel' and 'The red car needs fuel', what can you conclude?

Medium
A The red car is a car
B The red car doesn't need fuel
C The red car can fly
D The red car is green
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: A

Since all cars need fuel, and the red car needs fuel, it supports the premise that the red car is indeed a car.

Q8.In National Refinery, A is B's immediate superior, C is superior to D, B works under E, and F is superior to C. Which statement cannot be true?

Medium
A B is superior to C
B A is superior of F
C E is superior of F
D B works under D
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: D

Since B works under E, and A is the superior of B, B has a defined hierarchy. Saying B works under D would contradict other hierarchical constraints.

Q9.In a class of 60 males and 35 females, 80% failed in Chemistry and 30% failed in English. Which of the following must be true?

Medium
A Only females failed
B No male failed
C Only males failed
D Both male and female students failed
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: D

Since 80% failed Chemistry, the absolute number of failures (76) exceeds both the total male (60) and female (35) populations individually, so both genders must have some failures.

Q10.Abid says Bahria Town is between 10 and 15 km away. Resham says it is between 12 and 14 km away. If both are correct, what is the distance?

Medium
A 11 km
B 12 km
C 13 km
D 14 km
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: C

The only integer that satisfies both conditions (10 < d < 15 and 12 < d < 14) is 13 km.

Q11.Which of the following is an example of nonverbal communication?

Medium
A An online blog where employees share ideas
B A company logo designed to project the organization's image
C An email message reminding employees of a meeting
D A phone call from an attorney
Logical Statements PPSC

Correct Answer: B

A logo uses visual shapes, colors, and symbols (non-verbal cues) to project an image, unlike text-based blogs or phone calls.